In preparation for the crew building and finishing phase, I did some study on the ARVN, its equipment but also its strength, weaknesses, morale and overall capabilities. It is surprising to see that there is not much material available on the ARVN. Surely, there are hundreds of books on the US involvement and auto-biographies of US soldiers available, but next to nothing on the ARVN. Very few pictures exists as well, likely because journalists were mostly sticking around the US forces or its archives were mainly destroyed or went unpublished. I also watched the recent and touching PBS documentary "The Vietnam War" by Ken Burns which provided new valuable information from all sides.
I have drawn some facts and conclusions on how the ARVN soldier must have felt.
- The real North Vietnam leader was not Ho Chi Minh but Le Duan, the fanatic communist party secretary who put no limits to the level of violence to achieve the unification of Vietnam under a communist regime. The whole North was brain washed with propaganda and every person served for the war. It was therefore a very cruel war.
- The ARVN soldier was conscripted for the duration of the war, with limited training and fought an endless unwinnable war against the North whose sole purpose was to destroy the South way of life with full support from China and the Soviet Union. It must not have been a good position to be in and they must have been very apprehensive about their future.
- If the communists could not be defeated with half a million US soldiers helping the South with its armored units, air force and navy, how could the ARVN soldier be able to think he could win after 1973 with his M-16, helped by a couple of hundred tanks, Skyraiders and light A-37 and F-5 for air support...
- The US soldiers knew their families were safe back home. For the ARVN soldier, the family is also very important. But they could likely be in a unsafe area, in a strategic hamlet, in a village under communist control fearing reprisal, or worse as refugees somewhere, their village burned or on the road fleeing the communist advance. He obviously had a lot of other concerns on his mind.
- The ARVN soldier might have a brother or family member fighting on the other side. Every one likely had a loss of some sort related to the previous 30 years of fighting.
- South Vietnam was a poor country with one of the largest army in the world, something does not add up. The ARVN soldier was therefore underpaid, and towards the end of the war, low on fuel and ammunition when US support was cut.
- The ARVN units seemed to have difficulty maneuvering. Trained and spread out for a guerilla war, it was likely not mobile enough to face the conventional armored invasion of 1975. Its leadership was overwhelmed by the rapidity of the action and not enough mobile armored reserves were available.
- The ARVN fought courageously during the defensive Tet and early 70s communist offensives. However, its ranks were infiltrated by spies who leaked mouvement information to the VC and NVA of the area. ARVN columns therefore frequently had no element of surprise and ended up being ambushed by strong enemy forces who opened up on them at close range, too close for air support and artillery to help, decimating whole ARVN units.
Considering all the sacrifices and losses that the Northern people sustained in winning the war, they should ask themselves if it was really worth it. The opening of the Hanoi stock exchange in 2005 should make all wonder who won the longer term strategic goal.
Here are some interesting ARVN pictures of infantry and M41 found on the web.
ARVN soldiers seemed to wear their full uniform all the time. They do not seem to be as shirtless as US troops.

- ARVN and M41 Walker Bulldog
Ammo boxes are often piled up on the front glacis and on top of the turret.

- ARVN and M41 Walker Bulldog

- ARVN and M41 Walker Bulldog
ARVN uniform seems to be simple in nature, tight pants and not many pockets.

- ARVN and M41 Walker Bulldog
M41 were sometimes camouflaged with branches

- ARVN and M41 Walker Bulldog

- ARVN and M41 Walker Bulldog
Other than the front serial number on the lower chassis, I saw very few tanks with other markings than this one. And very few had their tools normally found on the left side of the turret.

- ARVN and M41 Walker Bulldog
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- ARVN and M41 Walker Bulldog
more pictures

- ARVN and M41 Walker Bulldog

- ARVN and M41 Walker Bulldog